Throughout the 20th century in the UK those who could afford to do so fled inner cities. In the recent past a contrary demographic shift has occurred. A new bourgeoisie is recolonising inner cities. The conjunction of wealth and place is being reversed. This will lead to social divisions on the European rather than north-American model. It is thus vital that the euphemised notion of ‘affordable’ housing is addressed in a manner that is more than cosmetic if new ghettos are not to appear.

The secularisation of society is vital. That means: quashing faith schools; instituting a uniform and predominantly Anglophone educational system; administering civil laws which do not acknowledge religions’ peculiarities; insisting on the primacy of free expression over the rights of institutionalised superstitions.