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John Garrow
emeritus professor of human nutrition University of London
The greatest innovation in the field of human nutrition was the Human Calorimeter built by W O Atwater and F G Benedict in a basement room in the Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut |
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Dr Adrian Gibbs
virologist
The single most important invention for understanding the evolution of viruses was gene sequencing, closely followed by computers |
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Dr Ian Gibson
MP for Norwich North, ex-dean of the School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia
The greatest innovation in my field was the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) process by which several sections of DNA could be multiplied many times accurately to give many copies. |
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Dr Kenneth Green
resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute
The environmental movement of the 1970s raised awareness of the many harms that humans can do to the environment; Aaron Wildavsky created a rational framework for figuring out what to do about it.
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Clive Grinyer
director of design, Orange France Telecom ExploCentre
Text messaging, originally installed as a tool for engineers to repair or update phones, provided a fast, non-intrusive, secretive way of communicating that proved hugely popular. |
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John Hall
University of Colorado at Boulder; winner, Nobel Prize for Physics, 2005
A new laser can be brought into the lab, unpacked, and measured accurately (how about 15 digits?) before lunch, and perhaps even before morning coffee time |
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Nick Hayward
researcher in biophysics and the biology of neurodegenerative diseases at the University of Kuopio
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has accelerated the advancement of many fields of research |
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Dr Kerry Hempenstall
Educational psychologist, senior lecturer in psychology at RMIT University in Melbourne
When the alphabetic principle is understood, we can read and write any words that we can say, not only the words that we’ve seen before and managed to recognise |
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Dr Caspar JM Hewett
chair of the Great Debate and environmental consultant
The digital computer, which has enabled the mathematical modelling of complex processes. |
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Dr Sharon Ann Holgate
freelance science writer and broadcaster
I've often wondered if the scientists responsible for the transistor had even begun to imagine the scale and influence of the electronics industry that their breakthrough would spawn. |
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John Horgan
Science writer and journalist, director of the Horganism
Free will is the single most profound innovation in human intellectual history |
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Sir Tim Hunt
Principal scientist, Cancer Research UK, Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 2001 (shared with Lee Hartwell and Paul Nurse)
Recombinant DNA technology stands for a whole panoply of clever tricks and brilliant inventions that have earned their many originators scores (or at least dozens) of Nobel prizes |
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Piet Hut
Professor of interdisciplinary studies at the Institute for Advanced Study
The possibility of creating a virtual lab in which to let stars and galaxies interact with each other is the greatest qualitative innovation in astrophysics |
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Simon Ings
science writer, critic and novelist
The invention of spectacles with arms increased one's comfortable reading-time from a few minutes to virtually every waking moment, and drove the Enlightenment as surely as the invention of printing drove the Renaissance |
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